En este trabajo se incluyeron a 1933 adultos mayores de la comunidad representativos de la Ciudad de México evaluados mediante los criterios de fragilidad de Fried modificados, además de otras variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de usos de los servicios de salud.

La prevalencia estimada de fragilidad fue de 15.7%, prefragilidad 33.3% y sin fragilidad 51%. Las asociaciones estadísticas relevantes con la prefragilidad fueron el ser mujer (OR 0.83), edad mayor (OR 2.48), soltero (OR 1.03), vivir solo (OR 1.23), trabajo no remunerado (OR 0.82), dependencia en las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria e instrumentales respectivamente (OR 2.11), (OR 2.10), deterioro cognitivo (OR 1.49), síntomas depresivos (OR 3.82), en riesgo y con desnutrición (OR 1.89), sobrepeso/obesidad (OR 0.80), comorbilidad moderada (OR 2.05), y uso de servicios de salud (OR 1.04).  Fragilidad estuvo asociada con ser mujer (OR 1.05), edad mayor (OR 10.32), menor educación (OR 2.51), soltero OR 1.39), vivir solo (OR 0.86), trabajo no remunerado (OR 1.16), limitaciones en las actividades basicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria respectivamente: (OR 7.66), (OR 8.42), deterioro cognitivo (OR 3.02), síntomas depresivos (OR 11.23), en riesgo de o desnutrido (OR 1.49), sobrepeso/obesidad (OR 0.49), comorbilidad moderada (OR 3.55), y uso de los servicios de salud (OR 1.99) contra los que no presentan fragilidad.

CONCLUSIONES:

En adultos mayores mexicanos que residen en la Ciudad de México una edad mayor, dependencia funcional, deterioro cognitivo, comorbilidad y depresión son los principales factores asociados a la fragilidad. Este estudio es el primero en su tipo con representatividad de la Ciudad de México que reporta la frecuencia de fragilidad y prefragilidad y sus factores asociados.

Abstract

AIM:

To estimate the prevalence of frailty phenotypes and their association with the sociodemographic characteristics, health state and the use of health services in the last 6 months among community-dwelling elderly in Mexico City.

METHODS:

The present study included 1933 elderly individuals from Mexico City. We estimated the prevalence of the frailty phenotype based on Fried and Walston. Household interviews were carried out to collect information on sociodemographics (sex, age, education, marital status, live alone, paid job), health state (activities of daily living, cognitive function, depression, comorbidity, nutritional status) and the use of health services in the last 6 months.

RESULTS:

The estimated prevalence of frailty was 15.7%, pre-frailty at 33.3% and non-frailty at 51.0%. The statistically relevant associations in the pre-frail elderly were female (OR 0.83), older age (OR 2.48), single (OR 1.03), living alone (OR 1.23), no paid work (OR 0.82), limitations in the basic activities of daily living (OR 2.11) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 2.10), cognitive impairment (OR 1.49), depression symptoms (OR 3.82), underweight/malnourished (OR 1.89), overweight/obesity (OR 0.80), moderate comorbidity (OR 2.05), and use of health services (OR 1.04) using the non-frail phenotype as the comparison category. Frailly is associated with female (OR 1.05), older age (OR 10.32), less educated (OR 2.51), single OR 1.39), living alone (OR 0.86), no paid work (OR 1.16), limitations in the basic activities of daily living (OR 7.66) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 8.42), cognitive impairment (OR 3.02), depression symptoms (OR 11.23), underweight/malnourished (OR 1.49), overweight/obesity (OR 0.49), moderate comorbidity (OR 3.55), and use of health services (OR 1.99) using the non-frail phenotype as the comparison category.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results suggest that older age, disability, comorbidity, cognitive impairment and depression could have an influence role in frailty.

Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243965976_Frailty_among_community-dwelling_elderly_Mexican_people_Prevalence_and_association_with_sociodemographic_characteristics_health_state_and_the_use_of_health_services